“Neurobiological Interfaces Connecting Environmental Change to Monarch Butterfly Migration,” Current Opinion in Neurobiology, August 2026. “Here, we synthesize current knowledge and propose how anthropogenic stressors— artificial light at night, climate warming, and electromagnetic noise— could potentially disrupt the already threatened monarch migration by targeting key neurobiological interfaces that link environmental cues to migratory physiology and behavior.” Butterflies have a blood-brain barrier (BBB) and it’s permeability is affected by environmental conditions. Open access.
